What Is Astigmatism? Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatments

Understanding Astigmatism: Causes, Signs, Types, and Proper Treatments. Get the Facts to Protect Your Long-Term Vision.

Regular Eye Exams Help Detect Astigmatism and Refractive Errors Early in Children

What Is Astigmatism and Why Should You Care?

Astigmatism is a common type of refractive error that occurs when the cornea or lens has an irregular curvature. This abnormal shape causes incoming light to focus unevenly on the retina, resulting in blurred, distorted, or less sharp images.

Unlike nearsightedness (myopia) or farsightedness (hyperopia)—which usually affect vision at specific distances—astigmatism can cause blurred vision at both near and far ranges. If left undiagnosed or improperly treated, it can lead to chronic discomfort, reduced learning or work performance, and a decline in overall quality of life.

Common Types of Astigmatism

Not all cases of astigmatism are the same. In fact, doctors classify astigmatism based on curvature and axis orientation.

• Regular Astigmatism is the most common type, where the cornea’s two main meridians curve unequally but remain perpendicular. This form is typically correctable with glasses or contact lenses.
• Irregular Astigmatism often results from corneal injury or conditions like keratoconus, where the corneal surface becomes distorted. This causes light to scatter and makes focusing difficult, requiring specialized treatment.

Based on axis orientation, astigmatism can be categorized as:

• With-the-rule astigmatism (vertical axis),
• Against-the-rule astigmatism (horizontal axis),
• Or Oblique astigmatism (angled axis).
  Accurate diagnosis is essential to choosing the most effective treatment method.

How to Spot Astigmatism Early

Not everyone with astigmatism notices it right away. Early signs might include mild eye fatigue when reading or viewing digital screens. Over time, symptoms become more obvious: blurry vision, frequent blinking, squinting, or tension around the forehead.

Adults may recognize these signs more easily, but astigmatism in children is often overlooked. Kids may struggle to concentrate, read slowly, or complain of tired eyes and headaches—symptoms that are sometimes mistaken for a lack of motivation.

What Causes Astigmatism?

Poor Posture and Incorrect Glasses Can Worsen Astigmatism in Children

Astigmatism: What Causes It and How to Treat It Effectively

Astigmatism may be congenital, present from birth, and remain stable over time. However, in some cases, it results from corneal deformation due to injury, trauma, or complications following procedures like improperly performed LASIK.

In addition, conditions such as keratoconus can cause the cornea to thin and bulge outward, leading to severe irregular astigmatism—difficult to correct using standard methods.

Accurate Diagnosis Is Key to Proper Treatment

To assess astigmatism, eye doctors perform a refraction test along with corneal topography using devices like the Pentacam or Topolyzer. In complex cases, biomechanical assessments such as Corvis ST may be needed to evaluate corneal rigidity and surgical suitability.

Importantly, you should avoid relying on over-the-counter prescription checks without in-depth evaluation, as wearing glasses with incorrect astigmatic axis can worsen eye fatigue and strain.

Astigmatism Treatment Options – More Than One Approach

The most common way to correct astigmatism is with prescription eyeglasses. This simple, low-cost solution works for most people. Cylinder lenses help redirect light rays to properly focus on the retina.

For more active individuals, toric contact lenses offer a convenient alternative. However, they must be used under the guidance of an ophthalmologist to avoid complications such as corneal inflammation.

For those wanting complete freedom from glasses or who have high levels of astigmatism, refractive surgery is a strong option. LASIK, PRK, or SMILE may be suitable for mild to moderate astigmatism in patients with stable, sufficiently thick corneas. But for patients with thin corneas or combined myopia and astigmatism from 0.5 to 6 diopters, Phakic ICL is a more advanced solution.

Phakic ICL is a biocompatible lens implanted into the eye without altering the cornea. It doesn’t cause dry eyes and can be removed if needed. This option is ideal for young, active individuals who require sharp vision throughout the day, especially in low-light conditions.

Living With Astigmatism – What to Keep in Mind

If you have astigmatism, accurate correction is essential. Wearing glasses with the wrong axis or power not only leaves your vision blurry but can lead to chronic headaches and eye strain.

It’s recommended to have your eyes checked every 6–12 months, especially if you notice changes in your vision or unusual symptoms. Maintain proper screen distance, take eye breaks every 30 minutes, and supplement your diet with nutrients like lutein and Omega-3 to support long-term eye health.

Can Astigmatism Be Cured? What You Need to Know

Currently, there are no medications that cure astigmatism. However, with modern surgical options—especially Phakic ICL—patients can achieve optimal vision without needing glasses for extended periods.

Astigmatism can worsen over time if not properly corrected, especially in children. That’s why parents should take their children for eye exams starting from age 4–6, or earlier if any visual abnormalities are noticed.

Surgery is not recommended for young children. Treatment typically involves wearing properly prescribed glasses, along with monitoring for amblyopia and intervening if necessary.

When Should You See an Eye Doctor?

If you experience blurry vision, unexplained headaches, or suspect astigmatism, it’s time for an eye exam. Don’t wait for your child to complain—many children are unaware they even have a vision problem.

A single routine eye exam can help you:

• Detect astigmatism early
• Prevent uncontrolled progression
• Choose the most appropriate treatment: glasses, contact lenses, or surgery

Conclusion: Understanding Astigmatism to Protect Your Vision Today

Astigmatism may develop quietly, but it can greatly impact your life if left untreated. Whether you choose glasses or surgical correction, the most important step is understanding your condition and seeking expert advice from an ophthalmologist.